An introduction to computer networking and hardware concepts and highlights the use of software and hardware tools as an aid to enhance teaching and learning computer networking and hardware fundamentals. A basic knowledge of network topology, channel access protocol, network traffic, and networking devices is needed when designing and implementing a LAN. The term computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system — those that one can see and touch. The CPU, memory, and input and output devices are the main components of a computer. To understand the operation of a modern processor, it is important that the student grasp the basic concepts of computer hardware.